1-Wire擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )標準
引言
本文引用地址:http://dyxdggzs.com/article/258911.htm1-Wire總線(xiàn)是一種簡(jiǎn)單的信令協(xié)議,可通過(guò)單根電氣連接進(jìn)行雙向通信。在1-Wire系統中,單個(gè)主機與一個(gè)或多個(gè)從器件通過(guò)一條公共數據線(xiàn)實(shí)現互聯(lián)。Dallas Semiconductor公司于1989年制定了1-Wire標準,減少了便攜數據傳輸模塊間的連接。iButton® (16mm電池形狀的模塊)隨之應運而生,目前全球銷(xiāo)售量超過(guò)1.3億。
1-Wire架構也適用于其它應用,如芯片標簽和遠距離傳感器。然而,早期的1-Wire前端沒(méi)有考慮到這些新型應用的噪聲水平與線(xiàn)路特性(如線(xiàn)長(cháng))。若要滿(mǎn)足這些新型應用的要求,經(jīng)常需要考慮在實(shí)際應用中如何配置1-Wire網(wǎng)絡(luò )。因此,為了滿(mǎn)足這一系列應用的要求,Dallas開(kāi)發(fā)了1-Wire擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )標準的新型1-Wire前端,并將其植入一些新產(chǎn)品中。表1列出了1-Wire器件清單,并給出了新型擴展標準支持的器件。
新型擴展標準的重要特性
各種噪聲源所產(chǎn)生的噪聲將導致1-Wire線(xiàn)路上出現信號毛刺。這些噪聲可能來(lái)自網(wǎng)絡(luò )端點(diǎn)或分支點(diǎn)的反射。噪聲也可能由外部源產(chǎn)生,并耦合到1-Wire信號上。上升沿的噪聲毛刺會(huì )導致1-Wire器件與主機失去同步。改進(jìn)后的擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )前端可以解決上升沿存在的這一問(wèn)題。
新型1-Wire前端主要包括三個(gè)部分:用于濾除高頻噪聲的低通濾波器、低電平切換至高電平時(shí)的電壓滯回電路,以及上升沿延時(shí)電路。某些1-Wire器件還具有在線(xiàn)應答脈沖擺率控制電路。圖1給出了這一系列特性的示意圖。粉紅色陰影部分表示1-Wire電壓由低電平至高電平轉換期間,器件忽略電壓幅值的毛刺和瞬時(shí)毛刺。
圖1. 新型1-Wire前端的特性
表1. 1-Wire器件
Device | FC | Description | 1-Wire Extended Network Support |
DS1425 | 02 | Multikey iButton, 1152-bit secure memory | |
DS1427 | 04 | 4k NV RAM memory and clock, timer, alarms | |
DS1820 | 10 | Temperature and alarm trips | |
DS1822 | 22 | 1-Wire Econo temp sensor | |
DS1825 | 3B | 1-Wire thermometer with 4-bit address | |
DS18B20 | 28 | Adjustable resolution temperature | |
DS18S20 | 10 | Temperature and alarm trips | |
DS1982 | 09 | 1k EPROM memory | |
DS1985 | 0B | 16k EPROM memory | |
DS1986 | 0F | 64k EPROM memory | |
DS1904 | 24 | Real-Time Clock (RTC) iButton | |
DS1920 | 10 | Temperature and alarm trips | |
DS1921G | 21 | Thermochron temperature logger | |
DS1922L | 41 | High-Capacity Thermochron and/or Hygrochron. temperature and/or humidity dataloggers, respectively | |
DS1961S | 33 | 1k EEPROM memory with SHA-1 engine | |
DS1963L | 1A | 4k NV RAM memory with write cycle counters | |
DS1963S | 18 | 4K NVRAM memory and SHA-1 engine | |
DS1971 | 14 | 256-bit EEPROM memory and 64-bit OTP register | |
DS1972 | 2D | 1k EEPROM memory | |
DS1973 | 23 | 4k EEPROM memory | |
DS1977 | 37 | Password-protected 32kB (bytes) EEPROM | |
DS1990A | 01 | 1-Wire address only | |
DS1991 | 02 | Multikey iButton, 1152-bit secure memory | |
DS1992 | 08 | 1k NV RAM memory | |
DS1993 | 06 | 4k NV RAM memory | |
DS1994 | 04 | 4k NV RAM memory and clock, timer, alarms | |
DS1995 | 0A | 16k NV RAM memory | |
DS1996 | 0C | 64k NV RAM memory | |
DS2401 | 01 | 1-Wire address only | |
DS2405 | 05 | Single switch | |
DS2404 | 04 | 4k NV RAM memory and clock, timer, alarms | |
DS2406 | 12 | 1k EPROM memory, 2-channel addressable switch | |
DS2408 | 29 | 8-channel addressable switch | |
DS2409 | 1F | Dual switch, coupler | |
DS2411 | 01 | Low-voltage, unique 64-bit serial ROM number (requires VDD connection) | |
DS2413 | 3A | Dual-channel addressable switch | |
DS2415 | 24 | RTC | |
DS2417 | 27 | RTC with interrupt | |
DS2422 | 41 | High-capacity Thermochron/Hygrochron (temperature and humidity) datalogger | |
DS2423 | 1D | 4k NV RAM memory with external counters | |
DS2430A | 14 | 256-bit EEPROM memory and 64-bit OTP register | |
DS2431 | 2D | 1024-bit EEPROM memory | |
DS2432 | 33 | 1k EEPROM memory with SHA-1 engine | |
DS2433 | 23 | 4k EEPROM memory | |
DS2436 | 1B | 1-Wire battery ID with temperature and voltage monitor | |
DS2438 | 26 | Temperature, ADC | |
DS2450 | 20 | Quad ADC | |
DS2502 | 09 | 1k EPROM memory | |
DS2505 | 0B | 16k EPROM memory | |
DS2506 | 0F | 64k EPROM memory | |
DS2720 | 31 | 1-Wire single-cell Lithium recharger with protection | |
DS2740 | 36 | 1-Wire coulomb counter (high precision) | |
DS2751 | 51 | 1-Wire fuel gauge for 1-cell Li+ or 3-cell NiMH | |
DS2760 | 30 | Temperature, current, ADC | |
DS2761 | 2B | 1-Wire Li+ monitor | |
DS2762 | 30 | 1-Wire battery monitor and protector | |
DS2770 | 2E | 1-Wire battery monitor and charge controller | |
DS2780 | 32 | Stand-alone 1-Wire fuel gauge | |
DS2890 | 2C | Single-channel digital potentiometer | |
DS28E04-100 | 1C | 4096-bit EEPROM memory, two-channel addressable switch |
注意:新的1-Wire器件將及時(shí)添加到產(chǎn)品線(xiàn)上。列表中可能沒(méi)有列出最新的器件。請參考器件數據資料中的“改善的網(wǎng)絡(luò )性能”(Improved Network Behavior)部分,確認此器件是否帶有新型擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )前端。
擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )標準的新特性?xún)H適用于標準速率通信,在高速模式下無(wú)效。1-Wire前端的新增特性將影響1-Wire時(shí)序參數。這里要特別指出,新標準引入了一個(gè)EC參數tREH,表示上升沿延時(shí)。這一延時(shí)特性延長(cháng)了主機產(chǎn)生的讀位的低電平時(shí)間tRL。參見(jiàn)表2。
通過(guò)長(cháng)線(xiàn)實(shí)現與1-Wire器件通信的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗表明,位操作之間需具有足夠的恢復時(shí)間。因此,所有擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )器件都具有較長(cháng)的恢復時(shí)間tREC。所有器件(標準的和擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )的)的恢復時(shí)間都是針對1-Wire總線(xiàn)上只有一個(gè)器件的條件定義的??偩€(xiàn)上掛接有多個(gè)器件時(shí),如何確定擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )的恢復時(shí)間請參見(jiàn)應用筆記3829,確定多從機1-Wire網(wǎng)絡(luò )的恢復時(shí)間。
內置在線(xiàn)應答脈沖擺率控制的器件還具有一個(gè)參數tFPD,表示在線(xiàn)應答檢測下降沿時(shí)間。雖然控制擺率可以減小長(cháng)線(xiàn)傳輸所產(chǎn)生的反射,但對于主機檢測在線(xiàn)應答脈沖的窗口也將產(chǎn)生非常大的影響。1-Wire主機的阻抗匹配無(wú)需采用擺率延時(shí),即能有效地控制這些反射。因此,以后推出的器件將不再采用在線(xiàn)應答脈沖擺率控制。
表2. EC表參數的區別
Parameter | Speed | Min/Max | Standard | Extended Network |
tREC | Standard | Min | 1 | 5 |
Overdrive | Min | 1 | 2 | |
tREC (before reset) | Overdrive | Min | 1 | 5 |
tREH | Standard | Min | — | 0.5 |
Standard | Max | — | 5 | |
Overdrive | Min | — | 0.5 | |
Overdrive | Max | — | 5 | |
tRL | Standard | Min | 1 | 5 |
結論
1-Wire主機能同時(shí)兼容于標準器件和擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )器件。使用擴展網(wǎng)絡(luò )器件時(shí),只需簡(jiǎn)單的延長(cháng)位操作間的恢復時(shí)間以及讀位啟動(dòng)脈沖時(shí)間tRL。采用較長(cháng)的恢復時(shí)間將降低數據吞吐率,而改變讀位啟動(dòng)脈沖時(shí)間則不會(huì )影響吞吐率。對于采用線(xiàn)應答脈沖擺率控制(tFPD)的器件所組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò ),應仔細選擇在線(xiàn)應答脈沖的采樣點(diǎn)。使用不同的器件和電壓,可能要限制其采樣范圍。
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